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1.
2016年11月13日在北京地区上空存在持续稳定的层状云天气背景下,利用飞机开展气溶胶粒径谱、化学组成、云滴谱等参量的垂直观测,研究该个例云底气溶胶的活化能力。结果表明:探测期间北京地区为轻度污染天气,地面气溶胶浓度(0.11~3 μm)达到4600 cm-3。云层高度为800~1200 m,云底气溶胶数浓度相对于近地面大幅度降低,有效粒径显著增大(0.3~0.6 μm)。同时,近地面气溶胶中疏水性的一次有机气溶胶贡献显著,而云底气溶胶中一次有机气溶胶的贡献大幅降低,无机组分和二次有机气溶胶的贡献明显增大,造成吸湿性参数κ由0.25(地面)增大至0.32(云底)。云中气溶胶和云滴的谱分布衔接较好,且两者的数浓度之和与云底气溶胶浓度一致,可分别代表未活化和已活化的粒子。基于云底气溶胶粒径谱和吸湿性参数计算得到不同过饱和比下云凝结核的活化率,通过与云中观测结果对比,反推得到云底过饱和度约为0.048%。 相似文献
2.
运用中尺度数值模式WRF3.5.1对2011年1月1日贵州境内的一次冻雨天气过程进行了数值模拟,研究了本次过程的大气层结、冻雨区云系的宏微观结构和云物理特征,初步分析了冻雨形成的云微物理过程和成因。结果表明,贵州境内的冻雨区(26°N~29°N)具有冷性和部分"冷—暖—冷"的温度层结,在高层没有显著的冰相粒子,冻雨区是相对较强的水汽辐合中心,丰富的水汽输送在冷性的环境条件下形成云滴,进而碰并产生雨滴,过冷雨水主要通过暖雨过程形成;雨滴继续下落至近地层并保持过冷雨水形式,最后接触到低于0°C的物体或地面,迅速冻结而产生地面冻雨。 相似文献
3.
A high resolution atmospheric modelling study was done for a 20-year recent historical period. The dynamic downscaling approach adopted used the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) to drive the WRF running in climate mode. Three online nested domains were used covering part of the North Atlantic and Europe, with a resolution 81 km, and reaching 9 km in the innermost domain which covers the Iberian Peninsula.This paper presents the validation of the WRF configuration, which is based on historic simulations between 1986 and 2005 and observational datasets of near surface temperature and precipitation for the same period. The validation was done in terms of comparison of probability distributions between model results and observations, as daily climatologies, spatially averaged inside subdomains obtained with cluster analysis of the observations, for each of the four seasons. In addition, Taylor diagrams are presented for each of the seasons and subdomains. This validation approach was repeated with the results of a new WRF simulation with the same parameterisations but forced by the ERA-Interim reanalysis. The capacity of the MPI-ESM driven WRF configuration to compare with observations and in a manner similar to the ERA-Interim driven WRF, ensures the capacity of the configuration for climate and climate change studies.Considering the difficulty to simulate extremes in long term simulations, the results showed a comfortable comparison of both models (forced by climate model and reanalysis results) with observations. This provides us confidence on the continuity of using the MPI-ESM driven WRF configuration for climate studies. 相似文献
4.
利用国内首台在线连续流量扩散云室,2017年冬季在华北地区高山站开展了大气冰核观测;结合常规气象要素、降水滴谱、气溶胶观测,分析了大气冰核数浓度特征,并对冰核活化参数化方法以及降雪对冰核的影响进行了研究。结果表明:（1）大气冰核在不同时间的浓度差异较大,?20°C时数浓度变化范围为2.50～76.8 L?1,平均值为18.347 L?1;（2）大气冰核浓度随活化温度降低呈指数增加趋势,随过饱和度增加呈指数增加,凝华核化所占比例约为18.64%;（3）大气冰核与粒径大于0.5 μm的气溶胶数浓度的关系可用参数化表示,相关性大于仅基于活化温度建立的参数化公式;（4）降雪过程大气冰核具有先增加后减少的特征。降雪开始后大气冰核数浓度增加,降雪后期系统过境伴随的大风,对气溶胶的清洗作用明显,大气冰核随之减少。本研究为在线连续流量扩散云室类型的冰核观测仪在国内首次使用,所建立的冰核参数化公式有助于华北地区冬季地形云及其降水的微物理特征研究,同时在云模式的发展和人工影响天气研究中也有重要的参考意义。 相似文献
5.
Based on the dynamic framework of WRF and Morrison 2-moment explicit cloud scheme, a salt-seeding scheme was developed and used to simulate the dissipation of a warm fog event during 6–7 November 2009 in the Beijing and Tianjin area. The seeding effect and its physical mechanism were studied. The results indicate that when seeding fog with salt particles sized 80 μm and at a quantity of 6 gm~(-2) at the fog top, the seeding effect near the ground surface layer is negative in the beginning period, and then a positive seeding effect begins to appear at 18 min, with the best effect appearing at 21 min after seeding operation. The positive effect can last about 35 min. The microphysical mechanism of the warm fog dissipation is because of the evaporation due to the water vapor condensation on the salt particles and coalescence with salt particles.The process of fog water coalescence with salt particles contributed mostly to this warm fog dissipation. Furthermore, two series of sensitivity experiments were performed to study the seeding effect under different seeding amounts and salt particles sizes. The results show that seeding fog with salt particles sized of 80 μm can have the best seeding effect, and the seeding effect is negative when the salt particle size is less than 10 μm. For salt particles sized 80 μm, the best seeding effect, with corresponding visibility of 380 m, can be achieved when the seeding amount is 30 g m~(-2). 相似文献
6.
《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2005,40(3):151-162
An asymptotic solution of inviscid Boussinesq equations for a ‘dry convective Rankine vortex’ with prescribed buoyant forcing is given. The obtained vortex solution demonstrates monotonic growth with height of the vortex core radius, which becomes infinite at a certain critical altitude, and the corresponding attenuation of the vertical vorticity. This idealized vortex is then embedded in a convectively unstable boundary layer; the resulting approximate vortex solution has been applied to determine the maximum rotational wind speed and diameter of dry convective dust-devil-like vortices. 相似文献
7.
Evaluation of a Lagrangian advection scheme for cloud droplet diffusion growth with a maritime shallow cumulus cloud case 
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下载免费PDF全文 《大气和海洋科学快报》2022,15(6):100255
A Lagrangian advection scheme (LAS) for solving cloud drop diffusion growth was previously proposed (in 2020) and validated with simulations of cloud droplet spectra with a one-and-a-half dimensional (1.5D) cloud bin model for a deep convection case. The simulation results were improved with the new scheme over the original Eulerian scheme. In the present study, the authors simulated rain embryo formation with the LAS for a maritime shallow cumulus cloud case from the RICO (Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean) campaign. The model used to simulate the case was the same 1.5D cloud bin model coupled with the LAS. Comparing the model simulation results with aircraft observation data, the authors conclude that both the general microphysical properties and the detailed cloud droplet spectra are well captured. The LAS is robust and reliable for the simulation of rain embryo formation.摘要云滴凝结增长的拉格朗日平流方案(LAS)于2020年提出, 并通过一维半(1.5D)分档云模式模拟深对流个例得到验证. 相比原先的欧拉平流方案, 新方案的使用改进了模拟结果. 本研究中, 我们进行了海洋性浅积云雨胚形成的个例模拟研究, 个例取自RICO (Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean) 外场试验. 浅积云个例的模拟同样使用耦合了LAS的1.5D分档云模式. 对比飞机观测数据, 我们认为模拟结果较好的刻画了积云的总体微物理特征和精细的云滴谱分布, 利用LAS模拟雨胚形成是合理可信的. 相似文献
8.
为了定量评估降水（雨、雪、雹等）和大气中冰核浓度,搭建了一种新型的离线式冰核测量装置（FINDA）用于检测浸润冻结机制的冰核。对多通道测温元件进行了改装和校准,并利用红外热成像仪动态校准了冷台水平温差,开发了自动化软件实现对测量过程的控制和数据分析。通过超纯水冻结实验、雪水及大气样品中冰核检验评估了FINDA的测量性能。结果表明,FINDA温度测量偏差随温度降低而线性增大,?25℃时误差为±0.75℃;超纯水初始冻结温度平均为?21.27±1.45℃,中值冻结温度（T50）平均为?25.65±0.64℃;对同一降雪融水样品中冰核浓度温度谱检测,FINDA与其他冻滴设备测量结果基本一致,同冰核浓度下温度偏差小于3℃;大气样品中冰核?20℃时比在线连续流量扩散云室测量值略高,与国际上其他学者的结论一致。FINDA能够有效获得0—?25℃每隔0.25℃的冰核浓度谱,超纯水和试验操作引入的冰核对测量结果影响很小。设备的广泛应用可帮助深入了解大气冰核在混合云降水中的作用,为预报和云模式的本地化改进及对云降水理论研究提供重要的实验数据和理论基础。 相似文献
9.
北京层状云人工增雨数值模拟试验和机理研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在中尺度WRF 模式的Morrison 双参数方案中引入了AgI 粒子与云相互作用的过程,在WRF 模式中实现了催化功能。利用加入了催化方案的中尺度模式对2008 年3 月20～21 日环北京地区一次层状云系降水过程进行模拟和催化试验。模拟自然降水与实测结果一致,分析微物理特征并在所得分析基础上进行催化试验。研究在不同催化剂量、高度和时刻进行试验对降水的影响。结果表明:以20 g 的碘化银进行催化作业,在催化后的前30min 之内,地面雨量轻微减小,最大累积减雨量为2010 t,30 min 后,净增雨量迅速增加,最大累积增雨量达到了3.4×105 t。催化开始阶段的减雨主要是由于播撒AgI 后,云水减少而雪晶增多,导致雨滴碰并云滴,云滴向雨滴自动转化过程的减少以及雪晶碰并雨滴过程的增多,然而空中增多的雪晶尚未下落到暖区融化成雨滴。而第二阶段的增雨则是空中增多的雪晶逐渐下落到暖区,雪晶融化成雨滴过程增多。AgI 的播撒率对降水量有明显影响,过量催化会使雪晶平均质量减少,下落速度锐减,从而雪融化成雨水减少,导致雨量减弱,不同催化高度和催化时间的催化结果表明在过冷水含量比较丰富而冰雪晶含量偏少的区域进行催化,增雨效果显著。 相似文献
10.
一次大雾形成过程的数值模拟分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用非静力中尺度模式MM5V3对2009年11月30日到12月1日天津武清地区的一次大雾天气过程进行了数值模拟研究,这次大雾过程主要分布在天津、河北、山东地区,天津市武清县位于大雾的边缘位置.此次雾过程可以分为3个阶段.11月30日的17:00(北京时间,下同)至12月1日00:00是雾的形成阶段,12月1日00:00出现雾,00:00至09:00是雾的发展阶段,09:00之后是雾的消散阶段.模拟研究表明长波辐射降温使得温度下降并导致逆温层出现,同时由于暖湿气流输送,观测点处具有充足的水汽供应,促使了大雾的形成;在雾形成之后,逆温层的维持、持续的长波辐射降温有利于雾的不断发展;而后期辐散下沉运动明显,水汽不断向外辐散,使得雾逐渐消散.湍流对雾的影响是向上和向四周传输水汽,使得雾范围扩大,但如果太强,又会使得雾很快消散. 相似文献